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In English, this verse is translated "The grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of our God endures forever." (from Elias Hutter, 1602)

Isaiah chapter 40, verse 8 in Hebrew, Greek, Latin and German, with the verse analysed word-by-word. Paul (1707), Alexander Campbell's The Sacred Writings (1826), Daniel Berkeley Updike's fourteen-volume The Holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments and the Apocrypha, Richard Moulton's The Modern Reader's Bible (1907), Ernest Sutherland Bates's The Bible Designed to Be Read as Living Literature (1936), The Books of the Bible (2007) from the International Bible Society ( Biblica), Adam Lewis Greene's five-volume Bibliotheca (2014), and the six-volume ESV Reader's Bible (2016) from Crossway Books. Such editions, which typically use thematic or literary criteria to divide the biblical books instead, include John Locke's Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. While chapter divisions have become nearly universal, editions of the Bible have sometimes been published without them.

It is the system of Archbishop Langton on which the modern chapter divisions are based. Īrchbishop Stephen Langton and Cardinal Hugo de Sancto Caro developed different schemas for systematic division of the Bible in the early 13th century. (See fuller discussions below.)Ĭhapter divisions, with titles, are also found in the 9th-century Tours manuscript Paris Bibliothèque Nationale MS Lat. Neither of these systems correspond with modern chapter divisions. Eusebius of Caesarea divided the gospels into parts that he listed in tables or canons. The New Testament was divided into topical sections known as kephalaia by the fourth century. In Babylonia, it was divided into 53 or 54 sections ( Parashat ha-Shavua) so it could be read through in one year. In Israel, the Torah (its first five books) were divided into 154 sections so that they could be read through aloud in weekly worship over the course of three years. The Hebrew Bible was also divided into some larger sections. The earliest known copies of the Book of Isaiah from the Dead Sea Scrolls used parashot divisions, although they differ slightly from the Masoretic divisions. These two letters begin the Hebrew words open ( patuach) and closed ( sagur), and are, themselves, open in shape (פ) and closed (ס). Peh (פ‎) indicated an "open" paragraph that began on a new line, while Samekh (ס‎) indicated a "closed" paragraph that began on the same line after a small space. In antiquity Hebrew texts were divided into paragraphs ( parashot) that were identified by two letters of the Hebrew alphabet. ".they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more." ~ Isaiah 2:4 KJV (Bible verse across the street from the United Nations Building in New York City) Chapters Įarly manuscripts of the biblical texts did not contain the chapter and verse divisions in the numbered form familiar to modern readers. Hebrew Bibles have 1 Chronicles 5:27–41 where Christian translations have 1 Chronicles 6:1–15. Some chapter divisions also occur in different places, e.g. For instance, Jewish tradition regards the ascriptions to many Psalms as independent verses or as parts of the subsequent verses, whereas established Christian practice treats each Psalm ascription as independent and unnumbered, resulting in 116 more verses in Jewish versions than in the Christian texts. The Jewish divisions of the Hebrew text differ at various points from those used by Christians. Sometimes a sentence spans more than one verse, as in the case of Ephesians 2:8– 9, and sometimes there is more than one sentence in a single verse, as in the case of Genesis 1:2. Esther 8:9 is the longest verse in the Bible. Since the mid-16th century, editors have further subdivided each chapter into verses – each consisting of a few short lines or of one or more sentences. Since the early 13th century, most copies and editions of the Bible have presented all but the shortest of the scriptural books with divisions into chapters, generally a page or so in length. Chapter and verse divisions did not appear in the original texts of Judeo-Christian bibles such divisions form part of the paratext of the Bible.